History of Casinos in the USSR: How Were Lotteries Handled 40 or More Years Ago

The game lives even where the shop windows are empty. The Soviet model of gambling aimed to remove risk from the streets and return it to a “proper” form – mass lotteries, controlled leisure, cultural evenings. Public halls disappeared, but the habit of risk remained: decks of cards rustled in kitchens, circulation numbers appeared in newspapers, strict regulations for leisure were in place in resort areas. Places, time, the tone of the era – everything changed, yet the interest in luck did not dissolve.

The red frame of the casino history: bans, the city, and the 1920s in the USSR

The city was rebuilding habits as quickly as its streets after the revolution. In the 1920s, private tables emerged during the NEP period and quickly disappeared as legislation tightened any public risk. Newspaper editors wrote about labor leisure, cultural clubs closed the topic of “easy money,” and police reports repeatedly reminded of ongoing raids. The ban on gambling in the USSR became a household rule: no noise, no advertising, no gathering at storefronts. It can be said that the history of casinos in the USSR began with silence – neon disappeared, leaving only kitchen tables and evenings with acquaintances.

Lottery instead of a hall: kiosk, broadcast, “Sportloto”

The “Soyuzpechat” kiosk, a sign saying “Draw on Thursday,” rows of colorful tickets on clips – a familiar sight near the metro and in residential neighborhoods. A radio announcer pauses in the broadcast, plastic balls roll in the lotto machine, next to the receiver – a quiet “family studio” for checking combinations: a pen, a newspaper, cut-out tables. Moscow gains momentum through a dense network of sales points; Sochi experiences seasonal spikes at sanatoriums and resort post offices. The prize scenario is clear: organizers pay out small winnings immediately at the point of sale, significant ones according to regulations through an application and presentation of an ID.

The “money – on sports” formula works as a moral argument and an explanation for the queues; the ticket price is moderate, and the risk is limited by the purchase cost. As a result, the lottery takes on part of the “sharpness” but keeps the process under control: schedule of draws, public verification of results, clear rules for claiming prizes. Here, the history of casinos changes decorations – instead of a hall in the USSR, there is a distributed network of “small cash desks” scattered throughout the city.

Neon is no longer needed: the role of a sign is played by posters of draws and short announcements in the local newspaper, and instead of a dealer, there is a kiosk employee with a sealed box and a record book. The lottery habit forms a new ritual: bought, marked, waited for the broadcast – and then continue living according to the schedule.

Underground and craft: cardsharps, cheating, local rules

Skillful speakers pass addresses discreetly: a familiar call, a brief pause at the door, a glance of “friend-foe.” A room without signs: a lamp hangs over the table, thick curtains, a thermos and a spare deck on the windowsill. The host takes on the role of a dealer without theatrical skill – announces the minimum, records the entrance, monitors the pace of the game. Small cardsharps live by discipline: a debt journal with initials, a conditional “bank” in a separate box, a contractual order for dealing and cutting the deck. A cheat hunts for opponents’ habits – catches the rhythm of a hand, notes the gaze, calculates betting patterns. Disputes are resolved quickly here, so as not to disturb the silence.

Card games “for insiders” are popular: preference, poker, sometimes blackjack for warm-up – stakes are small but significant for an average salary; outsiders are not allowed, loud speeches are not appreciated. The air is dense: the rustle of cards is audible, rare phrases, noticeable short gestures. Windows are covered with newspapers, clocks on the wall tick silently, the ashtray circulates slowly, participants do not comment on the game. This is how the small gambling business in courtyards and workshops operates – a craft where stability ensures silence. When a dispute arises, it is resolved on the spot: a reshuffle, a bank check, freezing of the disputed amount – all to maintain the pace and silence. If a participant delays payment, it is recorded in a notebook, and their next entry is restricted until the debt is fully settled.

The history of casinos in the USSR can be read as a series of small, tight episodes: one table, a narrow circle, strict rules. Roulette rarely appears in the chronicle – a makeshift wheel is too noisy, any creak gives away the room in the stairwell; more often, poker with fixed bets and short sessions is played. Without fuss, without risking the staircase: enthusiasts came, played, dispersed, leaving only a cup ring on the linoleum and a neatly arranged deck in the cupboard.

Roulette and poker: what really happened

A factory roulette table was rare, as mentioned earlier, makeshift drums creaked loudly, and silence was required for the game. Poker was played among “insiders”: fixed bets, almost whispered, quick resolutions of disputes. No advertisements: the address changed, the call was by appointment. The day was filled with regular work, the evening with a short game, the night with the journey home. This is how the history of casinos in the USSR unfolded in the working rhythm of the city: without signs, with rules known only to a narrow circle of participants.

Perestroika and the first casinos in the history of the USSR: a cooperative attempt at legalization

By the 1980s, the service spoke in a new way: cooperatives, hotel spaces, “guest evenings.” Neat regulations appeared – access control, a duty administrator, a visitor book. The conversation about legalization in the country was cautious, but the first establishments still appeared: small halls, strict order, no show. The gambling business in the USSR continued to exist in a narrow corridor, but procedures became more transparent – a controlled cash register and perimeter under protection.

Control factors in the industry

The tools through which Soviet legislation kept the market in a narrow channel:

1. Public norm: “proper leisure” displaced demonstrative risk.
2. Administrative pressure: raids, address monitoring, reputational losses for venues.
3. Family economy: large expenses are noticeable; neighborly control works harshly.
4. Information: rumors of inspections spread faster than advertisements.
5. Seasons: seasonal windows in Sochi are short, outside the period, activity drops.
6. Lottery alternative: Sportloto diverts part of the demand, reduces the underground activity.

Cultural impact

The lottery network accustomed people to schedules and queues at the cashier; underground evenings taught caution and discipline at the table. Resort venues trained security, access control, and registration – the beginnings of future procedures. As a result, the history of casinos in the USSR formed patterns of habits: to count, not make noise, separate the game from ostentatious display. The end of the era transitioned into the next decade with ready-made service templates – they just needed to be unfolded in a new way.